Translation and the Making of Indian Literary Canons: English as Arbiter of Regional Literary Value

Abstract

This paper investigates how translation into English functions as a mechanism of canon formation in Indian literature, determining which regional texts achieve recognition and longevity. Through the lens of postcolonial translation theory, this study examines the gatekeeping role that English translation plays in conferring literary legitimacy upon regional language works. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Niranjana, Spivak, and Venuti, alongside analysis of institutional structures and market dynamics, this research demonstrates that translation into English operates as a form of consecration that elevates certain texts while marginalizing others. The paper analyzes how publishing houses, academic institutions, and prize committees privilege translated works over original regional literature, thereby constructing hierarchical literary canons that privilege accessibility to English-reading audiences over aesthetic innovation or cultural authenticity. By examining specific cases of canonical inclusion and exclusion, this study reveals how translation practices determine not only which Indian voices are heard globally but also which literary traditions are valued domestically. The analysis concludes by considering alternative models of canon formation that might challenge English linguistic hegemony in Indian literary discourse.