The Influence of Hinduism and Buddhism on Indian Art and Architecture: A Study of Religious Aesthetics and Architectural Evolution

Abstract

This study examines the profound and multifaceted influence of Hinduism and Buddhism on the development of Indian art and architecture from ancient to medieval periods. Through analysis of key monuments, artistic traditions, and architectural innovations, this research demonstrates how religious philosophies fundamentally shaped aesthetic principles and architectural forms across the subcontinent. The study reveals distinct patterns of artistic expression corresponding to theological concepts, ritual requirements, and cosmological understandings in both traditions, while also highlighting zones of syncretism and mutual influence. Particular attention is given to the evolution of temple and stupa architecture, sculptural traditions, and iconographic developments as manifestations of changing religious practices and patronage systems. The research concludes that the artistic heritage created under Hindu and Buddhist influence represents not merely decorative or functional structures but complex symbolic systems that embodied and transmitted religious knowledge, facilitated spiritual practices, and articulated cultural identities throughout Indian history.