International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies (IJCMRS)
type: channel
description: The International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies (IJCMRS) stands as a beacon of knowledge and innovation in the field of commerce and management. Designed as a platform for researchers, scholars, and practitioners to showcase their groundbreaking research and dynamic insights, IJCMRS exemplifies excellence in academic publishing. With a commitment to fostering dialogue and driving forward the frontiers of knowledge, IJCMRS provides a space for rigorous empirical studies, theoretical advancements, and practical applications in the realm of commerce and management. Drawing upon a global network of contributors and reviewers, the journal ensures a diverse range of perspectives and methodologies are represented, offering readers a comprehensive and nuanced view of contemporary issues in the field. This journal adheres to the policies and ethical standards prescribed by the UGC-CARE. As a platform for cutting-edge research, IJCMRS invites submissions that explore emerging trends, innovative practices, and critical challenges facing the world of commerce and management. By facilitating cross-disciplinary collaboration and fostering a culture of intellectual curiosity, the journal seeks to push the boundaries of traditional scholarship and inspire new avenues for exploration. In a rapidly evolving and interconnected world, IJCMRS stands as a vital resource for scholars, practitioners, and students seeking to stay at the forefront of the latest developments in commerce and management. With a commitment to excellence, integrity, and intellectual rigor, the journal is dedicated to advancing knowledge and driving innovation in the field. Title International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies(IJCMRS) Frequency Quarterly ISSN(ONLINE) 3049-1908 ISSN(PRINT) XXXX Publisher Eduschool Academic Research and Publishers Chief Editor Dr. M.M.Bagali Copyright Eduschool Academic Research and Publishers Starting Year 2024 (Online) 2025 (Print) Subject B…
publisher: Eduschool Academic Research and Publishers
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies (IJCMRS)
items: Preface
items: Empirical Validation of an Ethical Branding Heuristics Index (EBHI) for AI Marketing
items: Impact of Digital Payment Systems on Consumer Behavior and Financial Inclusion
items: The Role of E-commerce in SME Growth: Challenges and Opportunities
items: Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: Evidence from Emerging Markets
items: The Impact of E-Commerce on Consumer Buying Behavior: A Comprehensive Study of Digital Transformation in Retail
items: Volatility Spillovers and Market Integration: A Dynamic Connectedness Analysis of Emerging and Developed Stock Markets (2010–2024)
items: Data Privacy and Security in E-commerce: Addressing Contemporary Challenges in Online Transaction Environments
items: Designing Ethical Nudges: Aesthetic Principles for Trustworthy AI Marketing
items: Economic Growth and Inequality: Analyzing the Relationship Between Economic Growth, Income Inequality, and Social Mobility
items: Rebranding Loyalty: The Phygital Bridge of Ethical Brand Experiences
items: Sustainability Practices in Retail Supply Chains: A Comparative Analysis of Global Brands
items: Unveiling the Nexus between Millets and Government Policies: A Bibliometric Mapping Approach
items: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Financial Decision-Making: A Fintech Perspective
items: Consumer Perception and Brand Loyalty: The Role of Ethical Marketing in the Digital Age - A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
items: Pre-Owned Car Market in Kerala: Trends, Challenges, And Future Prospects in A Post-Pandemic Economy
items: Comparative Analysis of Fee Structures in Online and Distance Education: A Study of Mahatma Gandhi University and Select Indian Universities
items: Cryptocurrency as an Investment Avenue: Risk, Returns, and Regulatory Challenges
items: Employee Benefit Systems and Organizational Efficiency in Kerala's Public Sector Undertakings: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis
items: The Future of Work: Examining the Effectiveness of Hybrid Work Models on Employee Productivity
items: The Evolution of Digital Payments: How New Technologies Are Reshaping Consumer Behavior
items: Employee Well-Being and Job Satisfaction: The Influence of Work-Life Balance Policies
items: Dynamic and Sustainable Growth: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Housing Sector in India
items: The Role of Social Security Systems in Alleviating Poverty Among Elderly Populations: An Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness and Challenges
items: The Influence of Spirituality and Religion on Financial Decision-Making: A Behavioural Analysis
items: Investment Performance of ELSS from 2009 to 2021 in India

Preface
type: item
description: The International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies (IJCMRS) is pleased to present this issue, which brings together a compelling collection of research exploring how digital transformation, sustainability, and ethical practice are reshaping contemporary business and economic life. The articles in this volume reflect a world in transition. Studies on e-commerce and digital payments highlight how technology is redefining consumer behavior, expanding market access, and opening new pathways for financial inclusion, particularly across emerging economies. Equally significant is the examination of small and medium enterprises, where digital adoption emerges not only as an engine for growth but also as a space marked by structural challenges, capability gaps, and uneven opportunities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. M Bagali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26

Empirical Validation of an Ethical Branding Heuristics Index (EBHI) for AI Marketing
type: item
description: The proliferation of artificial intelligence in marketing practices has intensified consumer concerns regarding ethical implications, yet no validated instrument exists to systematically measure consumer perceptions of AI ethics in branding contexts. This study develops and empirically validates an Ethical Branding Heuristics Index (EBHI) through a mixed-methods approach combining exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multiple regression modeling across three industry sectors (technology, retail, and financial services). Data from 1,247 consumers revealed a five-factor structure encompassing Transparency Perception (α = .89), Algorithmic Fairness Concern (α = .86), Data Privacy Assurance (α = .91), Human Agency Preservation (α = .84), and Outcome Accountability (α = .87). Cross-industry validation demonstrated strong predictive validity for brand trust (R² = .67), purchase intention (R² = .54), and brand advocacy (R² = .61). The EBHI provides marketing practitioners and researchers with a psychometrically robust tool for assessing and predicting consumer ethical perceptions in AI-enabled branding contexts, contributing to the emerging field of algorithmic marketing ethics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Branding
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Scale Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Heuristic Processing
  topic: keywords
creator: Meritta M Johnson
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 138
ending page: 143
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0027

Impact of Digital Payment Systems on Consumer Behavior and Financial Inclusion
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of digital payment systems on consumer behavior and financial inclusion in emerging economies over the period 2018-2024. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of transaction data from major digital payment platforms with qualitative surveys of 2,500 consumers across five emerging markets (India, Brazil, Nigeria, Indonesia, and Kenya), we examine the adoption patterns, behavioral shifts, and financial inclusion outcomes associated with digital payment adoption. The study employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) extended with perceived risk and trust constructs, alongside panel data regression analysis to identify determinants of adoption and usage intensity. Our findings reveal that perceived ease of use, trust in digital platforms, and smartphone penetration are the strongest predictors of digital payment adoption, explaining 68% of variance in adoption rates. The results demonstrate significant improvements in financial inclusion metrics, with digital payment users showing 45% higher savings rates and 32% greater access to formal credit compared to non-users. Furthermore, the study identifies a transformation in consumer spending patterns, with digital payment users exhibiting more frequent but smaller transactions and increased participation in e-commerce activities. The COVID-19 pandemic served as a significant accelerator, with adoption rates increasing by 156% during 2020-2021. These findings carry important implications for policymakers designing financial inclusion strategies, financial institutions developing digital products, and researchers studying the transformation of consumer financial behavior in the digital age.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital payments
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology adoption
  topic: keywords
subject: Emerging markets
  topic: keywords
creator: Remya Krishna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 134
ending page: 137
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0026

The Role of E-commerce in SME Growth: Challenges and Opportunities
type: item
description: This study examines the role of e-commerce adoption in driving small and medium enterprise (SME) growth, analyzing both the opportunities and challenges faced by SMEs in the digital marketplace environment. Drawing on data from 1,850 SMEs across six countries (India, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, South Africa, and Mexico) collected between 2019 and 2024, the research employs a longitudinal panel data approach combined with qualitative case studies to understand the mechanisms through which e-commerce influences firm performance. The analytical framework integrates the Resource-Based View (RBV) with dynamic capabilities theory to explain heterogeneity in e-commerce success among SMEs. Our findings reveal that e-commerce adoption is associated with a 34% average increase in annual revenue and 28% expansion in customer base, with these effects being mediated by digital marketing capabilities and supply chain integration. However, the study identifies significant challenges including digital skills gaps affecting 62% of SMEs, logistics infrastructure constraints impacting 48%, and payment system integration difficulties faced by 41% of firms. The results demonstrate that firm-level digital capabilities, particularly in data analytics and customer relationship management, moderate the relationship between e-commerce adoption and performance outcomes. Furthermore, ecosystem factors including platform support services, access to digital financing, and government digital initiatives significantly influence SME success in e-commerce. These findings provide actionable insights for SME managers developing digital strategies, platform operators designing SME support programs, and policymakers crafting inclusive digital economy policies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: E-commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: SME growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Platform economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Emerging markets
  topic: keywords
creator: Sudheesh Kumar K.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 130
ending page: 133
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0025

Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance: Evidence from Emerging Markets
type: item
description: This study investigates the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities and firm financial performance in emerging markets, examining the moderating roles of institutional quality, industry characteristics, and stakeholder salience. Utilizing a comprehensive panel dataset of 2,450 publicly listed firms across twelve emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey, Poland, Thailand, Malaysia, and Philippines) over the period 2012-2023, we employ multiple econometric approaches including fixed-effects regression, system GMM, and propensity score matching to establish robust causal inferences. CSR performance is measured using ESG ratings from multiple data providers and supplemented with content analysis of sustainability reports. Our findings reveal a significant positive relationship between aggregate CSR performance and financial outcomes (ROA, Tobin's Q, and stock returns), with environmental and social dimensions showing stronger effects than governance in emerging market contexts. The relationship exhibits significant non-linearity, with optimal CSR investment levels varying by firm size and industry. Importantly, institutional quality moderates this relationship, with stronger CSR-performance links in countries with better regulatory enforcement and stakeholder awareness. Industry-level analysis reveals that the CSR-performance relationship is most pronounced in consumer-facing and environmentally sensitive industries. The study also documents a temporal lag of 2-3 years between CSR investments and financial returns, suggesting that patience is required to realize CSR benefits. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the business case for CSR and provide practical guidance for managers and policymakers in emerging markets seeking to integrate sustainability considerations into corporate strategy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Corporate social responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Firm performance
  topic: keywords
subject: ESG
  topic: keywords
subject: Emerging markets
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Joshin Joseph
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 126
ending page: 129
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0024

The Impact of E-Commerce on Consumer Buying Behavior: A Comprehensive Study of Digital Transformation in Retail
type: item
description: This research article examines the profound impact of electronic commerce on consumer buying behavior in the contemporary retail landscape. The study investigates how digital transformation has fundamentally altered purchasing patterns, decision-making processes, and customer expectations across various demographic segments. Utilizing a mixed-methods research approach, this study collected quantitative data from 847 respondents through structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from 45 in-depth interviews conducted across multiple geographic regions. The findings reveal that e-commerce adoption has significantly influenced consumer behavior through enhanced convenience, expanded product accessibility, price transparency, and personalized shopping experiences. Statistical analysis using multiple regression models demonstrates strong correlations between e-commerce usage frequency and changes in traditional shopping habits (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). The study further identifies key factors driving online purchasing decisions, including website usability, mobile optimization, social proof mechanisms, and secure payment infrastructure. Results indicate that 78.4% of respondents have modified their purchasing behavior due to e-commerce availability, with younger demographics (18 to 34 years) showing the highest adaptation rates. The research contributes to existing literature by providing empirical evidence of behavioral shifts and offers practical implications for retailers navigating the digital transformation. Recommendations for business practitioners include investment in omnichannel strategies, enhancement of digital customer experience, and adoption of data-driven personalization techniques.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: E-Commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Online Shopping
  topic: keywords
subject: Retail Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Purchasing Decisions
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Marketing
  topic: keywords
creator: Eric Thomas Joseph
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 121
ending page: 125
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0023

Volatility Spillovers and Market Integration: A Dynamic Connectedness Analysis of Emerging and Developed Stock Markets (2010–2024)
type: item
description: This study investigates the dynamic volatility spillovers and market connectedness between emerging and developed stock markets over the period 2010–2024. Employing the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model combined with the Diebold-Yilmaz connectedness framework, we analyze the magnitude, direction, and time-varying nature of volatility transmission across fifteen major stock market indices. The sample includes eight developed markets (United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Canada, Australia, and Switzerland) and seven emerging markets (China, India, Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Mexico, and Indonesia). Our empirical findings reveal that developed markets, particularly the United States, serve as dominant transmitters of volatility spillovers, while emerging markets predominantly act as net receivers. The total connectedness index exhibits significant time variation, with pronounced spikes during the European sovereign debt crisis, the Chinese stock market turbulence of 2015–2016, and most notably during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results demonstrate that crisis periods substantially intensify cross-market volatility linkages, reducing the benefits of international portfolio diversification precisely when they are most needed. These findings carry significant implications for international investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers seeking to understand systemic risk transmission and develop effective risk management strategies in an increasingly interconnected global financial system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Volatility Spillovers
  topic: keywords
subject: Market Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: TVP-VAR
  topic: keywords
subject: Dynamic Connectedness
  topic: keywords
subject: Emerging Markets
  topic: keywords
creator: Swapna Kurian
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 114
ending page: 120
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0022

Preface
type: item
description: It is with great pleasure that we introduce the latest issue of the International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies (IJCMRS) a scholarly platform committed to advancing knowledge, innovation, and critical inquiry in the fields of commerce, management, and digital business transformation. This issue encapsulates the journal’s continuing mission to bridge academic rigor with real-world application, bringing together research that addresses pressing economic, technological, and ethical challenges confronting modern commerce.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. M M Bagali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26

Data Privacy and Security in E-commerce: Addressing Contemporary Challenges in Online Transaction Environments
type: item
description: The exponential growth of e-commerce has fundamentally transformed global retail landscapes while simultaneously creating unprecedented challenges in data privacy and security management. This paper examines the multifaceted nature of data protection challenges within e-commerce ecosystems, analyzing current threats, regulatory frameworks, and technological solutions. Through a comprehensive review of recent literature and industry reports, this study identifies key vulnerabilities in online transaction systems, evaluates the effectiveness of existing security measures, and assesses the impact of evolving privacy regulations on e-commerce operations. The analysis reveals that while technological advances have enhanced security capabilities, the increasing sophistication of cyber threats and the complexity of multi-jurisdictional compliance requirements continue to pose significant challenges. The findings suggest that effective data protection in e-commerce requires a holistic approach integrating advanced technological solutions, robust regulatory compliance, and comprehensive user education. This research contributes to the understanding of contemporary e-commerce security challenges and provides insights for developing more effective privacy protection strategies in digital commerce environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: E-Commerce Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Online Transactions
  topic: keywords
subject: Cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulatory Compliance
  topic: keywords
creator: Sowmia Rajan K
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 106
ending page: 113
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0021

Designing Ethical Nudges: Aesthetic Principles for Trustworthy AI Marketing
type: item
description: Objective: This study investigates the design and effectiveness of ethical nudges in AI-driven marketing interfaces, examining how minimalist aesthetic principles combined with transparency cues influence consumer trust and engagement. Methods: A mixed-methods approach employing eye-tracking experiments (N=240) and UX design metrics assessed the effectiveness of ethical nudging mechanisms across three interface conditions: standard AI marketing, minimalist transparent design, and enhanced ethical nudging. Participants engaged with e-commerce platforms while eye-tracking data, trust measures, and behavioral intentions were recorded. Results: Minimalist interfaces with ethical transparency cues significantly increased consumer trust scores (M=4.21, SD=0.83) compared to standard AI marketing interfaces (M=3.14, SD=1.02), t(238)=8.94, p<.001. Eye-tracking data revealed 34% longer fixation duration on transparency elements and 28% reduction in cognitive load indicators. Implications: Findings demonstrate that aesthetic minimalism combined with ethical AI disclosure enhances trustworthy marketing relationships while maintaining commercial effectiveness. This research provides empirical foundations for developing ethical guidelines in AI marketing design.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethical Nudging
  topic: keywords
subject: Ai Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Interface Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Eye-Tracking
  topic: keywords
subject: Transparency
  topic: keywords
creator: Ninu Rose
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 99
ending page: 105
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0020

Economic Growth and Inequality: Analyzing the Relationship Between Economic Growth, Income Inequality, and Social Mobility
type: item
description: This paper examines the complex relationship between economic growth, income inequality, and social mobility using a mixed-methods approach incorporating both quantitative analysis of OECD data (2000-2024) and theoretical frameworks from development economics. The research question investigates whether economic growth necessarily leads to increased income inequality and reduced social mobility, or if policy interventions can decouple these relationships. Using panel data analysis and the Great Gatsby Curve framework, findings reveal a nuanced relationship where the quality and inclusiveness of growth matter more than growth rates alone. Results indicate that while rapid economic growth can exacerbate inequality in the short term, countries with strong institutional frameworks and redistributive policies maintain higher social mobility despite growth. The study contributes to understanding how policy design can harness economic growth while preserving social mobility and reducing inequality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Income Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Mobility
  topic: keywords
subject: Kuznets Curve
  topic: keywords
subject: Great Gatsby Curve
  topic: keywords
creator: Sudheesh Kumar K.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 93
ending page: 98
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0019

Rebranding Loyalty: The Phygital Bridge of Ethical Brand Experiences
type: item
description: This paper examines the emerging paradigm of phygital brand experiences that integrate transparent artificial intelligence as a core component of brand identity rather than merely as a technological tool. The research question explores how brands can leverage immersive digital-physical environments where ethical AI behaviors, particularly privacy respect and transparency are experienced emotionally rather than communicated rationally. Through theoretical analysis and conceptual framework development, this study proposes that successful phygital loyalty strategies require a fundamental shift from AI as operational infrastructure to AI as experiential brand ambassador. The findings suggest that when consumers emotionally experience ethical AI behaviors through carefully designed touchpoints, brand loyalty transcends traditional transactional relationships to become deeply embedded emotional connections. The theoretical contribution lies in the integration of experiential marketing theory, digital ethics, and consumer psychology to create a new framework for understanding loyalty in the age of ambient computing. Practical implications include the development of design principles for creating immersive environments where ethical AI behaviors become tangible emotional experiences that strengthen brand-consumer relationships.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Phygital Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand Loyalty
  topic: keywords
subject: Experiential Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Psychology
  topic: keywords
creator: Sr. S. Mary Maglin Alven
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sr. S. Mary Maglin Alven (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 89
ending page: 92
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0018

Sustainability Practices in Retail Supply Chains: A Comparative Analysis of Global Brands
type: item
description: This study examines sustainability practices in retail supply chains across major global brands, analyzing how sustainability initiatives are implemented, measured, and communicated. Through comparative analysis of ten leading global retailers, we investigate the depth and breadth of sustainability integration throughout their supply chains. Data from corporate sustainability reports, third-party assessments, and industry benchmarks were analyzed to determine patterns of adoption, implementation challenges, and competitive advantages. Findings reveal significant variation in approach and commitment levels, with European retailers generally demonstrating more mature sustainability frameworks than their North American and Asian counterparts. The research identifies four key dimensions of supply chain sustainability implementation: supplier engagement, materials sourcing, logistics optimization, and transparency mechanisms. Results indicate that while sustainability reporting has become standard practice, substantial gaps exist between public commitments and operational implementation. A sustainability maturity model is proposed to help retailers progress from compliance-focused approaches toward transformative business models that create shared value across the supply chain. The study contributes to understanding how sustainability practices are evolving in global retail and identifies best practices that can be adopted by retailers seeking to enhance their environmental and social performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable supply chain management
  topic: keywords
subject: Retail industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate social responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Global brands
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Girish M C
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Girish M C (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 80
ending page: 88
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0017

Preface
type: item
description: It is with great pleasure that we present the latest issue of the International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies (IJCMRS). This edition encapsulates a diverse range of contemporary research topics that reflect the dynamic and multifaceted nature of commerce and management disciplines. The articles included herein showcase the profound insights and innovative methodologies employed by researchers to address pertinent challenges and opportunities in these fields.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: M. M. Bagali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26

Unveiling the Nexus between Millets and Government Policies: A Bibliometric Mapping Approach
type: item
description: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) consist of 17 interconnected objectives established by the United Nations (U.N.) to address critical global challenges. Aiming to eradicate poverty, protect the planet’s ecosystems, and promote peaceful societies, the SDGs strive for these outcomes by 2030. Each goal targets specific issues, encouraging countries to collaborate toward creating a sustainable and equitable future for all. Millets have progressively become crucial for accomplishing these Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with their distinctive qualities and advantages. Given the evolving climatic conditions and prevailing hidden hunger, proficient research and developmental attention on millet is necessary to attain food, feed, and nutrition security. With their rich content of proteins, vitamins, and minerals, millets play a significant role in addressing hidden hunger, ensuring that the audience is well-informed and aware of this crucial aspect of food security. Henceforth, no substantial review is provided for an extensive millet and food security overview. To initiate a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the corpus of contemporary literature, this work uses a VOS viewer and Bibliometric R-package in the area of the contribution of millets and Government. To achieve this, we examined 201 documents in detail from the Scopus database to further determine the publication activities in the relevant area. Examining the subjects dealt with in this field has revealed historical development in this discipline.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bibliometric analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Millets
  topic: keywords
subject: Government
  topic: keywords
subject: Review
  topic: keywords
subject: VOS viewer
  topic: keywords
subject: Biblioshiny
  topic: keywords
creator: Fabeela P
creator: Abdul Azees P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 74
ending page: 79
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0016

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Financial Decision-Making: A Fintech Perspective
type: item
description: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within financial technology (fintech) platforms has fundamentally transformed financial decision-making processes across institutional and consumer domains. This study examines how AI implementation influences decision quality, processing speed, and accessibility within fintech ecosystems through a mixed-methods analysis of 47 fintech platforms and 15 industry professional interviews. Primary research involved quantitative analysis of algorithmic trading systems, robo-advisors, credit scoring mechanisms, and consumer financial applications, supplemented by stakeholder interviews spanning 2020-2025. Findings indicate that AI integration significantly enhances decision speed (average improvement of 78%) and accuracy metrics, while demonstrating measurable improvements in decision quality through reduced error rates (27% to 13%) and enhanced predictive accuracy. However, results reveal critical challenges including algorithmic bias (1.3 percentage point interest rate differential for African American applicants), regulatory compliance complexities, and digital divide concerns affecting financial inclusion. The study contributes to understanding AI's transformative role in financial services while highlighting necessary considerations for sustainable implementation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Fintech
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Decision-Making
  topic: keywords
subject: Algorithmic Bias
  topic: keywords
creator: Evin Varghese
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evin Varghese (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 62
ending page: 67
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0014

Consumer Perception and Brand Loyalty: The Role of Ethical Marketing in the Digital Age - A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
type: item
description: This research examines the impact of ethical marketing practices on consumer perception and brand loyalty in the contemporary digital marketplace through a comprehensive quantitative analysis. As businesses increasingly operate in virtual environments characterized by transparency and rapid information dissemination, ethical considerations have gained prominence in marketing strategies. Using a robust structural equation modeling approach with survey data from 487 consumers across diverse demographics, this study investigated the relationship between perceived ethical marketing practices, consumer trust, and subsequent brand loyalty. The measurement model demonstrated excellent psychometric properties with all constructs showing strong reliability (CR > 0.80) and validity. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between ethical marketing practices and enhanced brand perception (β = 0.74, p < 0.001), with trust serving as a critical mediating variable (β = 0.67, p < 0.001). Digital platforms were found to amplify both the benefits of ethical marketing and the repercussions of ethical transgressions, with social media engagement moderating this effect significantly (β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The study identifies four key dimensions of digital ethical marketing that most strongly predict brand loyalty: transparency (β = 0.42), data privacy practices (β = 0.38), environmental sustainability communications (β = 0.29), and social responsibility initiatives (β = 0.26). These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of consumer-brand relationships in digital contexts and provide empirical evidence for organizations seeking to build sustainable brand loyalty through ethical marketing practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethical marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand loyalty
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital marketing ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Trust-based marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural equation modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Measurement model
  topic: keywords
creator: Bharathi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bharathi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 56
ending page: 61
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0013

Pre-Owned Car Market in Kerala: Trends, Challenges, And Future Prospects in A Post-Pandemic Economy
type: item
description: This research paper examines the evolving dynamics of Kerala's pre-owned car market, with a particular focus on economic factors in the post-pandemic period. Through analysis of secondary data from government reports, industry publications, and market surveys, this study identifies key trends, challenges, and future prospects within this significant segment of Kerala's economy. Findings reveal a substantial shift in preferences toward pre-owned cars, influenced by economic uncertainties, changing mobility needs, digital transformation of market operations, and environmental considerations. The research further explores the market's response to these changes, including the emergence of organized retail channels, adoption of digital platforms, and integration of value-added services. This study contributes to the understanding of regional automotive markets and provides actionable insights for industry stakeholders navigating the evolving landscape of pre-owned car commerce in Kerala.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Used car market
  topic: keywords
subject: Kerala economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Automotive retail
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-pandemic market trends
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-owned cars
  topic: keywords
creator: Remesh N, Shanmugam N
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Remesh N, Shanmugam N (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 68
ending page: 73
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0015

Comparative Analysis of Fee Structures in Online and Distance Education: A Study of Mahatma Gandhi University and Select Indian Universities
type: item
description: This comparative report presents a comprehensive analysis of the fee structures and key features of online and distance education programmes offered by Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU) and other prominent Indian universities. The study focuses on six academic programmes—MBA, M.A. in English, B. Com (Honours), M. Com, BA and BBA—each analysed across multiple institutions to highlight variations in cost, delivery modes, specialization options, and learner support systems. The report is intended to guide prospective students in selecting appropriate programmes based on financial considerations, learning preferences, and academic goals. Findings reveal that while MGU offers regionally accessible and moderately priced programmes with quality academic support, institutions like IGNOU and Annamalai University remain leaders in affordability. Conversely, private universities such as Amity and LPU Online offer premium services at higher costs. The report concludes that aligning institutional offerings with student priorities—such as cost-effectiveness, infrastructure, or specialization—is essential in optimizing the value of higher education pursued through flexible learning modes. The methodology employed includes a comparative analysis based on secondary data, primarily sourced from official university websites, and programmes brochures. The entire report has been prepared using AI tools to synthesize the findings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Online Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Distance Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Fee Structure Comparison
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education in India
  topic: keywords
subject: Flexible Learning Modes
  topic: keywords
creator: Ismail Thamarasseri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ismail Thamarasseri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 48
ending page: 55
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0012

Preface
type: item
description: We are delighted to present this edition of the International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies (IJCMRS), which showcases thought-provoking research at the intersection of commerce, management, technology, and policy. The articles featured in this issue reflect the journal's commitment to advancing contemporary academic thought while addressing the rapidly changing dynamics of the global economic and organizational landscape.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr. M M Bagali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. M M Bagali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26

Cryptocurrency as an Investment Avenue: Risk, Returns, and Regulatory Challenges
type: item
description: This study examines cryptocurrency as an emerging investment asset class, analyzing its risk-return characteristics and regulatory environment. Using data from 2016 to 2024, we evaluate Bitcoin, Ethereum, and a diversified crypto portfolio against traditional asset classes. Our findings reveal that cryptocurrencies demonstrate significantly higher returns (mean annual return of 112.7% for Bitcoin) coupled with extreme volatility (annualized standard deviation of 78.4%). Correlation analysis shows that cryptocurrencies maintain low correlation with traditional assets (r = 0.21 with S&P 500), supporting their role in portfolio diversification despite high intra-class correlation. The research identifies four primary risk categories affecting crypto investments: technical vulnerabilities, market concentration, liquidity constraints, and regulatory uncertainty. Regulatory analysis across key jurisdictions reveals a fragmented landscape transitioning from ambiguity to structured oversight. We propose a regulatory equilibrium framework that balances investor protection with innovation and market efficiency. This study concludes that cryptocurrencies represent a high-risk, potentially high-reward component within diversified portfolios, with their optimal allocation heavily dependent on investor risk tolerance and regulatory evolution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cryptocurrency
  topic: keywords
subject: Bitcoin
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethereum
  topic: keywords
subject: digital assets
  topic: keywords
subject: investment risk
  topic: keywords
subject: portfolio diversification
  topic: keywords
subject: volatility
  topic: keywords
subject: regulatory frameworks
  topic: keywords
subject: financial innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: blockchain
  topic: keywords
creator: Bharathi, Suresh Ramana Mayya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 37
ending page: 47
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0011

Employee Benefit Systems and Organizational Efficiency in Kerala's Public Sector Undertakings: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis
type: item
description: This study examines the critical relationship between employee benefit systems and organizational efficiency in Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) in Kerala, India. Through comprehensive analysis of comparative compensation structures, benefit systems, and behavioral outcomes, the research identifies significant disparities between PSU and State Government employees while establishing clear linkages between benefit systems and organizational performance indicators. The findings reveal that well-designed benefit packages significantly impact employee satisfaction, productivity, commitment, and retention rates, ultimately enhancing organizational efficiency. The study further demonstrates that supportive work environments moderate the relationship between benefits and performance outcomes, amplifying positive impacts when aligned with employee needs and organizational goals. This research contributes to management theory by integrating economic and behavioral perspectives on compensation systems while offering practical insights for policymakers and PSU management on optimizing benefit structures. The conclusion highlights the strategic importance of holistic benefit systems that balance financial and non-financial incentives within Kerala's unique socioeconomic context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public Sector Undertakings
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Benefits
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Compensation Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Kerala PSUs
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Retention
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Sector Employment
  topic: keywords
subject: Benefit Disparity
  topic: keywords
creator: Balakrishnan.A, KVM Varambally
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balakrishnan.A, KVM Varambally (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 26
ending page: 36
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0010

The Future of Work: Examining the Effectiveness of Hybrid Work Models on Employee Productivity
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed unprecedented changes in work arrangements, accelerating the adoption of remote and hybrid work models across industries. This study investigates the relationship between hybrid work arrangements and employee productivity through a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of performance metrics from 2,450 knowledge workers across 18 organizations and qualitative insights from structured interviews with 175 managers and employees. Results indicate that well-implemented hybrid work models are associated with productivity increases of 9-14% compared to traditional office-centric approaches, with variation based on job role, organizational support structures, and individual preferences. Four key factors emerged as critical mediators of hybrid work success: technological infrastructure, managerial approaches focused on outcomes rather than presence, organizational culture adaptations, and individualized flexibility parameters. The findings suggest that hybrid work models can enhance productivity when implemented with attention to these mediating factors, though certain job functions and personality types benefit more than others. This research contributes to understanding post-pandemic work arrangements and provides evidence-based recommendations for organizations designing hybrid work strategies to optimize employee productivity and satisfaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hybrid work
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote work
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Management practice
  topic: keywords
subject: Work arrangements
  topic: keywords
subject: Flexibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-pandemic workplace
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge workers
  topic: keywords
creator: Biju John M
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Biju John M (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 17
ending page: 25
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0009

The Evolution of Digital Payments: How New Technologies Are Reshaping Consumer Behavior
type: item
description: This article investigates the transformative impact of digital payment technologies on consumer behavior and e-commerce ecosystems. Drawing on recent market data, industry analyses, and consumer research, we explore how payment technologies have evolved from simple transaction facilitators to strategic business assets that influence purchasing decisions, loyalty, and overall customer experience. The study highlights the dominance of mobile wallets globally, with significant regional variations in adoption patterns. We examine emerging payment innovations including Buy Now, Pay Later services, cryptocurrency integration, biometric authentication methods, and invisible payment systems. Our findings indicate that businesses implementing diverse payment strategies tailored to target demographics achieve superior results in conversion optimization, customer retention, and revenue growth. The article concludes with strategic recommendations for businesses navigating this rapidly changing landscape.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital payments
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobile wallets
  topic: keywords
subject: E-commerce strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: Buy Now Pay Later
  topic: keywords
subject: Cryptocurrency
  topic: keywords
subject: Biometric authentication
  topic: keywords
subject: Payment security
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer loyalty
  topic: keywords
subject: Frictionless commerce
  topic: keywords
creator: M M Bagali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. M M Bagali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0007

Employee Well-Being and Job Satisfaction: The Influence of Work-Life Balance Policies
type: item
description: This research examines the relationship between organizational work-life balance policies and employee outcomes, focusing specifically on well-being and job satisfaction. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 1,876 employees across 42 organizations representing diverse industries and sizes. Quantitative analysis through structural equation modeling revealed that comprehensive work-life balance policies were significantly associated with enhanced employee well-being (β = 0.41, p < 0.001) and job satisfaction (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). The relationship was partially mediated by perceived organizational support and work-related stress reduction. Qualitative analysis through semi-structured interviews (n=87) identified four critical dimensions of effective work-life balance implementation: policy accessibility, supervisor support, organizational culture alignment, and flexibility customization. Importantly, the study found significant differences in policy effectiveness based on demographic factors including gender, caregiving responsibilities, and career stage. The research demonstrates that while policy presence is important, implementation quality and cultural integration are critical determinants of effectiveness. Organizations seeking to enhance employee well-being and satisfaction should focus not only on establishing comprehensive work-life balance policies but also on creating supportive ecosystems that enable genuine utilization without career penalties. This research contributes to understanding the complex relationship between organizational policies and employee outcomes in contemporary work environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Work-life balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee well-being
  topic: keywords
subject: Job satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Human resource management
  topic: keywords
subject: Mixed-methods research
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived organizational support
  topic: keywords
subject: Workplace stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy implementation
  topic: keywords
creator: Aswini T D
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aswini T D (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 6
ending page: 16
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0008

Preface
type: item
description: It gives us immense pleasure to introduce the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Commerce and Management Research Studies (IJCMRS), a platform dedicated to exploring diverse dimensions of commerce, finance, and economics through rigorous research and insightful perspectives. This journal aspires to bridge the gap between academic scholarship and practical applications, providing a valuable resource for academicians, professionals, and policymakers alike
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dr M.M Bagali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr M.M Bagali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26

Dynamic and Sustainable Growth: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Housing Sector in India
type: item
description: The housing sector in India is the largest and fastest-growing sector in the economy, and is propelled by a multitude of causes, including increased urbanization, rising earnings, and the government's focus on providing affordable housing. The sector is anticipated to expand considerably in the forthcoming years, generating new prospects for enterprises and investors. It has experienced dynamic growth alongside persistent challenges, presenting a complex landscape that warrants comprehensive analysis. This paper offers an in-depth exploration of the sector's multifaceted nature by examining its evolving trajectory, factors driving its expansion, the pivotal role of government, and the enduring obstacles it confronts. Through a detailed overview of current conditions, including housing demand, supply, and urbanization trends, the paper delves into the sector's quantitative landscape. It scrutinizes the driving forces of growth, including demographic shifts, urbanization, and rising income levels, highlighting their influence on housing dynamics. Additionally, the paper delves into the multifaceted role of government in shaping the sector, elucidating policies, initiatives, and schemes aimed at promoting affordability, urban development, and housing finance. Amidst growth, the sector encounters difficulties such as inadequate supply, affordability concerns, informal settlements, and infrastructural deficits, all of which are meticulously examined. By evaluating regulatory frameworks and policy implications, the paper dissects the environment in which the sector operates.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dynamic Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Persistent Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Housing Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: urbanization
  topic: keywords
subject: housing demand &supply
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr.Aswini T D
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr.Aswini T D (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 31
ending page: 34
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0006

The Role of Social Security Systems in Alleviating Poverty Among Elderly Populations: An Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness and Challenges
type: item
description: With the global population ageing, social security programs are crucial for alleviating poverty among the elderly and ensuring their welfare and financial stability. This study examines the efficacy of social security policies in reducing elder poverty, focussing on their impact in both industrialised and developing nations. The research delineates variations in the design and execution of these systems worldwide by analysing secondary data from international organisations, official papers, and academic studies. The extensive social security systems in affluent countries such as Sweden, Germany, and Norway integrate earnings-related and universal pensions, resulting in significantly low poverty rates among the elderly. Conversely, emerging nations such as Ghana and India confront challenges like inadequate coverage, limited financial resources, and erratic policy execution, all of which exacerbate poverty among the elderly. The study employs a SWOT analysis to evaluate the systems' potential, risks, weaknesses, and strengths. The findings indicate that while social security programs substantially decreasepoverty rates among marginalised groups, demographic factors, volatile economies, and inequitable access often compromise their efficacy. To enhance sustainability and inclusion, it is recommended to integrate social security with healthcare systems, leverage digital technologies, and foster public-private collaborations. This study underscores the need for contextually tailored, collaborative initiatives to ensure that social security institutions effectively manage the growing complexity of ageing populations
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Elderly poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: social security systems
  topic: keywords
subject: pensions
  topic: keywords
subject: poverty alleviation
  topic: keywords
subject: global ageing populations
  topic: keywords
creator: Balakrishnan.A, Dr. KVM Varambally
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balakrishnan.A, Dr. KVM Varambally (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 26
ending page: 30
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0005

The Influence of Spirituality and Religion on Financial Decision-Making: A Behavioural Analysis
type: item
description: Numerous facets of mental health and decision-making processes are known to be impacted by spirituality and religion (S/R). The behavioural and cognitive underpinnings of S/R, especially when it comes to financial decisions, are still poorly understood despite their complexity and diversity. This study examines how spiritual beliefs, religious attitudes, and participation in religious rituals affect individuals' financial decision-making. Specifically, we explore whether S/R fosters greater behavioral consistency, helping individuals regulate impulsive reactions when faced with financial gains or losses, thereby promoting measured financial decision-making. We used the Sequential Investment Task, which examines how individuals modify their behaviour in response to hypothetical and actual financial outcomes, to look into this. A wide range of self-report measures were used to evaluate the spiritual and religious views of 280 participants in a community-based sample. We sought to understand how S/R affects behavioural consistency, risk tolerance, and impulsivity in financial decision making by examining reactions to financial wins and losses
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spirituality
  topic: keywords
subject: Religion
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Decision-Making
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavioral Consistency
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Tolerance
  topic: keywords
subject: Impulsivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. (Dr) Bhupendra Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. (Dr) Bhupendra Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 21
ending page: 25
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0004

Investment Performance of ELSS from 2009 to 2021 in India
type: item
description: India offers a wide range of mutual fund investment schemes, but equity-linked savings scheme mutual funds (ELSS Growth plans) are becoming more, and more well-liked because of their special qualities, and benefits for investors. Due to the increasing demand for ELSS, researchers have chosen to use a number of ratios, including the Treynor, Jensen, Sharpe, and expense ratios, to assess the investment performance of different ELSS. 12 Diversified Equity Mutual Funds (DEMF Growth plans), and 27 ELSS funds were chosen for the study based on their market continuity from 2009 to 2021. The risk-adjusted investment performance of ELSS, and DE funds, as determined by the Treynor, Sharpe, Jensen, and expense ratios, was determined to be statistically not significant following the use of Welch's t-test. A statistically equivalent average between ELSS funds, and DEM funds may be shown from the mean of the Treynor, Jensen Alpha, Sharpe, and Expense Ratio metrics. According to this research, ELSS funds and Diversified Equity Funds have comparable risk-adjusted performance
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Expense Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Equity Linked Savings Scheme Mutual Funds (ELSS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Sharpe Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Treynor Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Jensen Alpha Ratio
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Radha Vyas, Dr. Pratik K. Desai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Radha Vyas, Dr. Pratik K. Desai (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 14
ending page: 20
doi: 10.63090/IJCMRS/3049.1908.0003